The landscape of material research is undergoing a dramatic transformation. Smart chemicals, crafted with intelligent methods, are emerging as the foundation of this revolution. These compounds possess unique properties, enabling them to react to their environment in predictable ways. From self-healing materials to biosensors, smart chemicals are o

Nanoparticles possess unique optical properties that have sparked widespread interest in their application for diverse technological fields. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a particular class of nanomaterials, exhibit the remarkable ability to convert near-infrared light into visible light. This phenomenon has presented vast possibilities in bi